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1962 film past Robert Mulligan

To Kill a Mockingbird
Theatrical release poster
Directed past	Robert Mulligan
Screenplay by	Horton Foote
Based on	To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee
Produced by	Alan J. Pakula
Starring	Gregory Peck Mary Badham Phillip Alford John Megna Ruth White Paul Fix Brock Peters Frank Overton
Cinematography	Russell Harlan, A.S.C.
Edited by	Aaron Stell, A.C.E.
Music by	Elmer Bernstein
Product companies	Brentwood Productions Pakula-Mulligan
Distributed by	Universal Pictures
Release date	Dec 25, 1962 (1962-12-25)
Running fourth dimension	129 minutes[1]
Country	U.s.
Language	English
Upkeep	$two meg[2]
Box function	$13.1 meg[2]

To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 American drama motion picture directed by Robert Mulligan. The screenplay past Horton Foote is based on Harper Lee's 1960 Pulitzer Prize–winning novel of the aforementioned name. The picture stars Gregory Peck equally Atticus Finch and Mary Badham as Scout. Information technology marked the film debut of Robert Duvall, William Windom and Alice Ghostley.

It gained overwhelmingly positive reception from both the critics and the public; a box-office success, it earned more than six times its budget. The film won iii Academy Awards, including Best Actor for Peck, and was nominated for eight, including Best Picture.

In 1995, the film was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Pic Registry every bit "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In 2003, the American Moving-picture show Plant named Atticus Finch the greatest movie hero of the 20th century. In 2007, the moving picture ranked twenty-5th on the AFI's 10th ceremony listing of the greatest American movies of all time. In 2005, the British Film Found included it in their list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14. The film was restored and released on Blu-ray and DVD in 2012, as part of the 100th anniversary of Universal Pictures.^[3] Many consider it one of the best films e'er fabricated.

Plot [edit]

The movie is narrated by the adult Jean Louise "Scout" Finch. Young Picket and her pre-teen older brother Jem live in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the early on 1930s. Despite the family's minor means, the children enjoy a happy babyhood, cared for by their widowed father, Atticus Finch, and the family'southward black housekeeper, Calpurnia. During the summer, Jem, Scout, and their friend Dill play games and often search for Arthur "Boo" Radley, an odd, reclusive neighbor who lives with his blood brother Nathan. The children take never seen Boo, who rarely leaves the house. On different occasions, Jem has found small objects left inside a tree knothole on the Radley holding. These include a broken pocket scout, an onetime spelling bee medal, a pocket knife, and ii carved soap dolls resembling Jem and Scout.

Atticus, a lawyer, strongly believes all people deserve fair treatment, in turning the other cheek, and in defending what you believe. Many of Atticus' clients are poor farmers who pay for his legal services in trade, often leaving him fresh produce, firewood, and so on.^[4] Atticus' work as a lawyer often exposes Scout and Jem to the boondocks'southward racism, aggravated by poverty. As a result, the children mature more quickly.

Atticus is appointed to defend Tom Robinson, a black homo accused of raping a white girl, Mayella Ewell. Atticus accepts the case, heightening tension in the boondocks and causing Jem and Scout to experience schoolyard taunts. Ane evening before the trial, as Atticus sits in front of the local jail to safeguard Robinson, a lynch mob arrives. Scout, Jem, and Dill unexpectedly interrupt the confrontation. Scout, unaware of the mob's purpose, recognizes Mr. Cunningham and asks him to say hello to his son Walter, her classmate. Cunningham becomes embarrassed, and the mob disperses.

At the trial, it is alleged that Tom entered the Ewell property at Mayella's request to chop up a chifforobe and that Mayella showed signs of having been beaten around that time. Among Atticus' main defensive arguments is that Tom's left arm is disabled, yet the supposed rapist would have had to mostly assault Mayella with his left mitt before raping her. Atticus noted that Mayella'southward father, Bob Ewell, is left-handed, implying that he crush Mayella because he caught her seducing a young blackness human being (Robinson). Atticus also states that Mayella was never examined by a doctor after the supposed attack. Taking the stand up, Tom denies he attacked Mayella but states that she kissed him against his will. He testifies that he had previously assisted Mayella with various chores at her request because he "felt distressing for her" – words that incite a swift, negative reaction from the prosecutor.

In his closing argument, Atticus asks the all-white male jury to cast aside their prejudices and focus on Tom'southward obvious innocence. However, Tom is found guilty. As Atticus exits the court, the black spectators in the balcony rise to show their respect and appreciation.

When Atticus arrives home, Sheriff Tate informs him that Tom was killed during his transfer to prison, apparently while attempting to escape. Atticus, accompanied by Jem, goes to the Robinson home to relay news of Tom's decease. Bob Ewell appears and spits in Atticus' face up.

Fall arrives, and Scout and Jem attend an evening school pageant in which Sentry portrays a ham. After the pageant, Scout is unable to observe her clothes and shoes, forcing her to walk home with Jem while wearing the large, hard-shelled costume. While cut through the woods, Watch and Jem are attacked. Watch'due south cumbersome costume protects her but restricts her vision. The assaulter knocks Jem unconscious simply is himself attacked (and killed) by a 2d man unseen by Scout. Scout escapes her costume and sees the second man conveying Jem towards their house. Lookout follows them and runs into the artillery of a frantic Atticus. Still unconscious, Jem has his broken arm treated past Doc Reynolds.

Scout tells Sheriff Tate and her father what happened, then notices a strange man behind Jem's bedroom door. Atticus introduces Scout to Arthur Radley, whom she knows as Boo. It was Boo who rescued Jem and Spotter, overpowering Bob Ewell and carrying Jem dwelling. The sheriff reports that Ewell, apparently seeking revenge for Atticus humiliating him in court, is dead at the scene of the assault. Atticus mistakenly assumes Jem killed Ewell in self-defense, but Sheriff Tate realizes the truth – Boo killed Ewell defending the children. His official study will state that Ewell died falling on his knife. He refuses to elevate the painfully shy, introverted Boo into the spotlight for his heroism, insisting it would be a sin. As Scout escorts Boo dwelling, she draws a startlingly precocious illustration: comparing the unwelcome public attention that would have been heaped on Boo, with the killing of a mockingbird that does zero but sing.

Cast [edit]

• Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch
• Mary Badham as Scout
• Phillip Alford equally Jem
• John Megna equally Charles Baker "Dill" Harris
• Frank Overton every bit Sheriff Heck Tate
• Rosemary Tater as Miss Maudie Atkinson
• Ruth White as Mrs Dubose
• Brock Peters equally Tom Robinson
• Estelle Evans as Calpurnia
• Paul Set up as Judge John Taylor
• Collin Wilcox as Mayella Violet Ewell
• James Anderson as Robert E. Lee "Bob" Ewell
• Alice Ghostley as Miss Stephanie Crawford
• Robert Duvall as Arthur "Boo" Radley
• William Windom as Horace Gilmer, Commune Attorney
• Crahan Denton as Walter Cunningham
• Richard Unhurt as Nathan Radley

Uncredited roles in order of appearance [edit]

• Kim Stanley as the narrator—the voice of adult Scout—"Maycomb was a tired old boondocks – even in 1932 when I showtime knew it – that summertime I was 6 years old."
• Paulene Myers as Jessie, Mrs. Dubose's servant, sitting close to her on the Dubose porch.
• Jamie Forster as Mr. Townsend, sitting on a demote, with iii men, near the courthouse: "If you're lookin' for your daddy, he'south within the courthouse."
• Steve Condit as Walter, Mr. Cunningham'south son, at dinner with the Finch family unit: "Yep, sir. I don't know when I had roast. We been havin' squirrels and rabbits lately."
• David Crawford as David, Tom Robinson's son, sitting on the steps to the Robinsons' shack: "Good evening."
• Kim Hamilton every bit Helen, Tom Robinson'southward wife, inside the Robinsons' shack: "Practiced evening, Mr. Finch."
• Dan White equally the mob leader approaching as Atticus Finch sits in forepart of the jailhouse: "He in there, Mr. Finch?"
• Kelly Thordsen as a heavyset fellow member of the mob who grabs and picks up Jem: "Well, I'll send you home."
• William "Bill" Walker as Reverend Sykes, at the courthouse for Tom Robinson'south trial: "Miss Jean Louise? Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your male parent'southward passin'."
• Charles Fredericks as the courtroom clerk at Tom Robinson's trial: "Place your hand on the bible, please. Do you solemnly swear to tell the truth...?"
• Guy Wilkerson as the jury foreman at Tom Robinson's trial: "We discover the accused guilty every bit charged."
• Jay Sullivan equally the courtroom reporter at Tom Robinson's trial: "Yeah."
• Jester Hairston every bit Spence, Tom Robinson's father in front of the Robinsons' shack: "Hello Mr. Finch. I'm Spence, Tom's father."
• Hugh Sanders as Dr. Reynolds, the town physician who examines Jem: "He's got a bad pause, so far every bit I tin tell. Somebody tried to wring his arm off."

Casting [edit]

James Stewart declined the office of Atticus Finch, concerned that the story was too controversial.^[5] Universal offered the function to Rock Hudson when the project was being get-go developed merely producer Alan J. Pakula wanted a bigger star.^[6]

Production [edit]

The Old Monroe County Courthouse was the model for the set used in the film

A scene from the play performed in the actual courthouse in Monroeville

The producers had wanted to use Harper Lee'southward hometown of Monroeville, Alabama for the set. Harper Lee used her experiences as a child in Monroeville as the footing for the fictional town of Maycomb, so it seemed that would be the best place. However, the town had changed significantly between the 1920s and the early 1960s so they made the backlot in Hollywood instead.^[7]

The One-time Monroe County Courthouse in Monroeville was used as a model for the pic ready since they could not use the courthouse due to the poor sound quality in the courthouse. The accuracy of the recreated courthouse in Hollywood led many Alabamians to believe that the moving-picture show was shot in Monroeville. The Old Courthouse in Monroe County is now a theater for many plays inspired past To Impale a Mockingbird as well as a museum dedicated to multiple authors from Monroeville.^{[8] [9] [10]}

Critical response [edit]

The film received widespread critical acclamation. As of November 2021, it maintains a 93% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 67 reviews, with an boilerplate rating of 8.90/10. The site's critical consensus states, "To Impale a Mockingbird is a textbook example of a message movie done correct – sober-minded and earnest, but never letting its social censor become in the way of gripping drama."^[11] According to Bosley Crowther:^[12]

Horton Foote'south script and the direction of Mr. Mulligan may not penetrate that deeply, but they do let Mr. Peck and little Miss Badham and Primary Alford to portray delightful characters. Their charming enactments of a father and his children in that close relationship, which can occur at simply one brief period, are worth all the footage of the motion picture. Rosemary Potato equally a neighbor, Brock Peters as the Negro on trial, and Frank Overton as a troubled sheriff are good equally locality characters, besides. James Anderson and Collin Wilcox as Southern bigots are well-nigh caricatures. But those are minor shortcomings in a rewarding film.

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times criticized the film for focusing less on the blacks, denouncing the cliché of the honest, white homo standing for a helpless black:^[13]

It expresses the liberal pieties of a more innocent time, the early 1960s, and it goes very easy on the realities of small-boondocks Alabama in the 1930s. One of the well-nigh dramatic scenes shows a lynch mob facing Atticus, who is all by himself on the jailhouse steps the nighttime before Tom Robinson'south trial. The mob is armed and prepared to break in and hang Robinson, simply Scout bursts onto the scene, recognizes a poor farmer who has been befriended by her father, and shames him (and all the other men) into leaving. Her spoken language is a calculated strategic exercise, masked as the innocent words of a child; i shot of her eyes shows she realizes exactly what she's doing. Could a child turn abroad a lynch mob at that time, in that place? Isn't it nice to recall and so.

Walt Disney requested that the picture show be privately screened in his house. At the film's decision, Disney sadly stated, "That was one hell of a picture. That's the kind of moving picture I wish I could make."^{[xiv] [15]}

In a retrospective review, American motion-picture show critic Pauline Kael claimed that, when Gregory Peck received the Academy Laurels for Best Actor:^[xvi]

... there was a off-white amount of derision throughout the country: Peck was ameliorate than usual, but in that aforementioned virtuously dull way. (There was the suspicion that Peck was being rewarded because the Lincolnesque lawyer shot a rabid dog and defended an innocent black homo accused of raping a white adult female.)

Peck's operation became synonymous with the role and character of Atticus Finch. Producer Alan J. Pakula remembered hearing from Peck when he was first approached with the role: "He chosen dorsum immediately. No maybes. […] I must say the human being and the character he played were not unalike".^[17] Peck later said in an interview that he was fatigued to the role because the book reminded him of growing upwards in La Jolla, California.^[18] "Hardly a day passes that I don't remember how lucky I was to be cast in that film", Peck said in a 1997 interview. "I recently sat at a dinner next to a woman who saw it when she was xiv-years-old, and she said it changed her life. I hear things like that all the time".^[nineteen] The 1962 softcover edition of the novel opens:

"The Southern town of Maycomb, Alabama, reminds me of the California town I grew up in. The characters of the novel are like people I knew as a male child. I think peradventure the great appeal of the novel is that it reminds readers everywhere of a person or a town they have known. It is to me a universal story – moving, passionate and told with swell humor and tenderness." Gregory Peck.

Harper Lee, in liner notes written for the moving-picture show's DVD re-release past Universal, wrote:

"When I learned that Gregory Peck would play Atticus Finch in the film production of To Kill a Mockingbird, I was of course delighted: here was a fine actor who had made bully films – what more could a writer enquire for? ...The years told me his secret. When he played Atticus Finch, he had played himself, and time has told all of us something more: when he played himself, he touched the earth".^[twenty]

Upon Peck's death in 2003, Brock Peters, who played Tom Robinson in the moving picture version, quoted Harper Lee at Peck's eulogy, saying, "Atticus Finch gave him an opportunity to play himself". Peters ended his eulogy stating, "To my friend Gregory Peck, to my friend Atticus Finch, vaya con Dios".^[21] Peters remembered the role of Tom Robinson when he recalled, "It certainly is 1 of my proudest achievements in life, i of the happiest participations in moving picture or theater I have experienced".^[22] Peters remained friends not only with Peck but with Mary Badham throughout his life.

Peck himself admitted that many people reminded him of this film more than any other film he had e'er done.^[23]

Awards and honors [edit]

In 1995, To Impale a Mockingbird was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as beingness "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".^[35] It is besides Robert Duvall'south large-screen debut, as the misunderstood recluse Boo Radley. Duvall was cast on the recommendation of screenwriter Horton Foote, who met him at Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City where Duvall starred in a 1957 production of Foote'due south play, The Midnight Caller.^[36]

In 2007, Hamilton was honored by the Harlem community for her part in the film. She was the final surviving African-American adult who had a speaking office in the movie. When told of the award, she said, "I think it is terrific. I'k very pleased and very surprised".^[37]

The American Film Found named Atticus Finch the greatest picture show hero of the 20th century.^[38] Additionally, the AFI ranked the movie second on their 100 Years... 100 Cheers list, behind It's a Wonderful Life.^[39] The film was ranked number 34 on AFI's listing of the 100 greatest movies of all time, just moved up to number 25 on the 10th Anniversary listing.^[40] In June 2008, the AFI revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the all-time ten films in ten "classic" American motion picture genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. To Kill a Mockingbird was best-selling equally the best film in the courtroom drama genre.^[41]

American Flick Institute lists:

• AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #34
• AFI'due south 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
  • Atticus Finch – #1 Hero
• AFI'south 100 Years...100 Pic Quotes:
  • "Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passing." – Nominated^[42]
  • "You never actually empathise a person until you consider things from his betoken of view, until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it." – Nominated^[42]
• AFI'due south 100 Years of Picture show Scores – #17
• AFI's 100 Years...100 Thank you – #2
• AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies: 10th Ceremony Edition– #25
• AFI'southward ten Meridian 10 – #1 Court Drama

Music [edit]

To Kill a Mockingbird
Soundtrack album by Elmer Bernstein
Released	Early Apr 1963[43]
Recorded	Baronial 1–two, 1996, Urban center Halls, Glasgow
Label	Varèse Sarabande

Elmer Bernstein's score for To Impale a Mockingbird is regarded as one of the greatest film scores^[44] and has been recorded three times. It was outset released in April 1963 on Ava; then Bernstein re-recorded information technology in the 1970s for his Motion-picture show Music Collection series; and finally, he recorded the consummate score (below) in 1996 with the Majestic Scottish National Orchestra for the Varese Sarabande Film Classics series.

1. "Main Title" – iii:21
2. "Recall Mama" – i:08
3. "Atticus Accepts The Case – Curlicue in the Tire" – 2:06
4. "Creepy Caper – Peek-A-Boo" – 4:10
5. "Ewell's Hatred" – 3:33
6. "Jem's Discovery" – 3:47
7. "Tree Treasure" – 4:23
8. "Lynch Mob" – 3:04
9. "Guilty Verdict" – 3:10
10. "Ewell Regret It" – 2:11
11. "Footsteps in the Dark" – ii:07
12. "Attack in the Shadows" – 2:28
13. "Boo Who" – three:00
14. "Stop Championship" – iii:25

Encounter also [edit]

• List of American films of 1962
• La Joven (The Young I), the 1960 film
• Trial film
• White savior narrative in film

References [edit]

1. ^ "TO Kill A MOCKINGBIRD (A)". British Board of Moving-picture show Classification. December 20, 1960. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
2. ^ ^{a b} "To Impale A Mockingbird – Box Office Data, DVD and Blu-ray Sales, Moving picture News, Cast and Coiffure Information". The Numbers. Archived from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved December thirteen, 2014.
3. ^ Appelo, Tim (Jan 10, 2012). "Universal Celebrates 100th Birthday With New Logo and 13 Film Restorations". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November ii, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
4. ^ Harper Lee. "To Impale a Mockingbird: Capacity 2–3". SparkNotes. Archived from the original on July 29, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2014.
5. ^ Eliot, Marc (October x, 2006). Jimmy Stewart: A Biography. ISBN9780307352682.
6. ^ "thirteen Judicious Facts About to Kill a Mockingbird". October 24, 2015.
7. ^ W. Warner Floyd (March 29, 1973). "National Annals of Historic Places Registration: Sometime Monroe County Courthouse". National Park Service. Retrieved August 4, 2018. See also: "Accompanying photos".
8. ^ "To Impale a Mockingbird 1962". Movie Locations. Archived from the original on August iv, 2018. Retrieved August four, 2018.
9. ^ ""To Kill a Mockingbird" A 50th Anniversary Restoration of the Classic Motion picture". Southern Literary Trail. Archived from the original on July 5, 2018. Retrieved Baronial 4, 2018.
10. ^ "To Kill a Mockingbird". Filming Locations. Archived from the original on August 4, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
11. ^ "To Kill A Mockingbird". www.rottentomatoes.com. December 25, 1962. Archived from the original on October xxx, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2021.
12. ^ Crowther, Bosley (Feb fifteen, 1963). "One Developed Omission in a Fine Film: 2 Superb Discoveries Add together to Delight". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved June thirteen, 2013.
13. ^ Ebert, Roger. "To Kill a Mockingbird". Archived from the original on July 8, 2014. Retrieved July xiii, 2014.
14. ^ Gabler, Neal (2006). Walt Disney: The Triumph of American Imagination. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 587.
15. ^ Filly, Sarah (2015). "Walt Disney". The American Feel. Public Broadcasting Service.
16. ^ Kael, Pauline (1991). 5001 Nights at the Movies. New York, N.Y.: Picador. p. 776. ISBN978-0-8050-1367-2 . Retrieved July 12, 2021.
17. ^ Nichols, Peter (February 27, 1998). "Time Can't Kill 'Mockingbird'; [Review]". The New York Times. p. Eastward.one.
18. ^ King, Susan (December 22, 1997). "How the Finch Stole Christmas; Q & A WITH GREGORY PECK". Los Angeles Times. p. one.
19. ^ Bobbin, Jay (December 21, 1997). "Gregory Peck is Atticus Finch in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird.". Birmingham News. Birmingham, Alabama. p. 1F.
20. ^ Universal Pictures Legacy Series DVD 2005
21. ^ Hoffman, Allison; Rubin, H. (June 17, 2003). "Peck Memorial Honors Beloved Actor and Man; The longtime star is remembered for his integrity and constancy". Los Angeles Times. p. B.1.
22. ^ Oliver, Myrna (August 24, 2005). "Obituaries; Brock Peters, 78; Stage, Screen, TV Actor Noted for Function in 'To Kill a Mockingbird'". Los Angeles Times. p. B.8.
23. ^ Gregory Peck Interview with Jimmy Carter Archived November 28, 2015, at the Wayback Auto at YouTube
24. ^ "NY Times: To Impale a Mockingbird". Movies & TV Dept. The New York Times. 2012. Archived from the original on November 4, 2012. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
25. ^ "The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Archived from the original on February 2, 2018. Retrieved Baronial 23, 2011.
26. ^ "BAFTA Awards: Picture show in 1964". BAFTA. 1964. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
27. ^ "Festival de Cannes: To Impale a Mockingbird". festival-cannes.com. Archived from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
28. ^ "1963 Cannes Film Festival". Internet Pic Database. Archived from the original on May vii, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
29. ^ "15th DGA Awards". Directors Gild of America Awards . Retrieved July five, 2021.
30. ^ "To Impale a Mockingbird – Gilt Globes". HFPA . Retrieved July five, 2021.
31. ^ Weiler, A. H. (December 31, 1963). "Moving-picture show Critics Vote 'Tom Jones' Best of Year; Finney Named Top Actor for Title Role --'Hud' Honored Finney in 3d Film". The New York Times. Archived from the original on August 19, 2020. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
32. ^ "Moving-picture show Hall of Fame Productions". Online Motion picture & Television Association . Retrieved May xv, 2021.
33. ^ Madigan, Nick (March 3, 1999). "Producers tap 'Ryan'; Kelly, Hanks TV winners". Diversity. Archived from the original on September 23, 2017. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
34. ^ "Awards Winners". Writers Guild of America. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012. Retrieved June six, 2010.
35. ^ "To Kill a Mockingbird – Awards – IMDb". Archived from the original on March 27, 2018. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
36. ^ Robert Duvall (player), Gary Hertz (director) (April xvi, 2002). Miracles & Mercies (Documentary). Westward Hollywood, California: Blue Underground. Retrieved January 28, 2008.
37. ^ "Harlem community honors 'Mockingbird' extra" Archived July 8, 2010, at the Wayback Auto. Us Today.
38. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on May 20, 2012. Retrieved Apr 23, 2010. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
39. ^ "AFI'S 100 Years... 100 Thank you" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 22, 2009. Retrieved June 12, 2010.
40. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 21, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2010. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy equally title (link)
41. ^ "AFI's 10 Superlative 10". American Film Institute. June 17, 2008. Archived from the original on June nineteen, 2008. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
42. ^ ^{a b} "AFI's 100 Years...100 Motion-picture show Quotes Nominees" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
43. ^ "Album Reviews" Archived August 19, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, Billboard April 13, 1963.
44. ^ Erikson, Matthew. "Elmer Bernstein: 'One of the Greatest Pic Composers Always'". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original on April xvi, 2018. Retrieved September 24, 2016.

External links [edit]

This audio file was created from a revision of this commodity dated 13 Apr 2017 (2017-04-13), and does not reflect subsequent edits.

• To Impale a Mockingbird at IMDb
• To Kill a Mockingbird at the TCM Flick Database
• To Impale a Mockingbird at Box Office Mojo
• To Impale a Mockingbird at Rotten Tomatoes
• To Kill a Mockingbird at the American Film Institute Catalog
• To Impale A Mockingbird location and product notes

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Kill_a_Mockingbird_%28film%29

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